Science, Religion, and the Search for Human Nature

Wednesday, March 22, 2006

Utilitarians vs. Christians

I was just reading about Singer's Utilitarian roots and was inspired to pick up "On Liberty" again. These are some passages that've stuck with me:

"When a religion has come to be an hereditary creed, to be received passively, not actively -- when the mind is no longer compelled, in the same degree as at first, to exercise its vital powers on the questions which its belief presents to it, there is a progressive tendency to forget all of the belief except the formularies, or to give it a dull and torpid assent, as if accepting it on trust dispensed with the necessity of realizing it in consciousness, or testing it by personal experience, until it almost ceases to connect itself at all with the inner life of the human being... The creed remains, as it were, outside the mind."

"[Christians] have an habitual respect for the sound of [the doctrines], but no feeling which spreads from the words to the things signified and forces the mind to take them in and make them conform to the formula. Whenever conduct is concerned, they look around for Mr. A and B to direct them how far to go in obeying Christ."

And some words of encouragement for the oddball in us all:

"The evil is that individual spontaneity is hardly recognized by the common modes of thinking as having any intrinsic worth, or deserving any regard on its own account. The majority, being satisfied with the ways of mankind as they now are (for it is they who make them what they are), cannot comprehend why those ways should not be good enough for everybody."

"It does not occur to them to have any inclination except for what is customary. Thus the mind itself is bowed to the yoke: even in what people do for pleasure, conformity is the first thing thought of; they like in-crowds; they exercise choice only among things commonly done; peculiarity of taste, eccentricity of conduct are shunned equally with crimes, until by dint of not following their own nature they have no nature to follow: their human capacities are withered and starved; they become incapable of any strong wishes or native pleasures, and are generally without either opinions or feelings of home growth... Now is this, or is this not, the desireable condition of human nature?"

"In this age, the mere example of nonconformity, the mere refusal to bend the knee to custom, is itself a service. Precisely because the tyranny of opinion is such as to make eccentricity a reproach, it is desireable, in order to break through that tyranny, that people should be eccentric. Eccentricity has always abounded when and where strength of character has abounded; and the amount of eccentricitiy in a society has generally been proportional to the amount of genius, mental vigor, and moral courage it contained. That so few now dare to be eccentric marks the chief danger of our time." [!]

1 Comments:

  • Thanks for posting this, I keep thinking I should read On Liberty, and you're giving me more reasons to read it.

    I especially liked the first and last paragraphs. Eccentrics unite!

    By Blogger Kyle Potter, at 10:35 AM  

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